Aquatic birds

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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman and S.J. Bursian
Pages
673-687
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 10.3(0.7) ppm in femur, 14.1(0.6) ppm in liver, 6.8(0.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt tungsten concentrations in tissues of tungsten-iron-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 250.6(39.0) ppm in femur, 78.3(9.7) ppm in liver, 256.3(22.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt lead concentrations in tissues of lead-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 4.3(0.7) ppm in femur, non-detect. in liver, 2.4(0.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt tungsten concentrations in tissues of tungsten-polymer-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1242 105.0 (7.7 SE) mg Aroclor 1260/kg egg @ 150 ppm PCB concentration in eggs (PCB resembled Aroclor 1260 profile most closely) Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm weight and survival of offspring (exposed in ovo) fed control diet after hatching for 3 wks Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dicofol on mallard eggshell quality

Author(s)
Bennett, Jewel K., Stephen E. Dominguez and William L. Griffis
Pages
907-912
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL no effect mean daily food consumption rate (169.8 g food/kg body weight) Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL 2-12% decrease @ 10-100 ug/g eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dieldrin and DDT effects on reproduction and some hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
302-314
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIELDRIN 0.3 ug/g dry wt. @ 0 ppm; 0.9 - 5.0 @ 1 ppm; 4.1 - 40.1 @ 5ppm; 6.1 - 78.5 @ 10 ppm dieldrin concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of mallard ducklings from parents fed 3 ppm DDE

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
640-645
Year
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decrease @ 3ppm decrease in distance traveled in those offspring that traveled more than 10 cm from a frightening stimulus Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 64-71 offspring/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests

Author(s)
Gile, Jay D. and S. Mark Meyers
Pages
751-56
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased number of eggs produced, egg weight, eggshell thickness compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 24 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 and 11 months old Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS no effect fertility and hatchability of eggs, and duckling survival to 14 days Not Reported Juvenile 24 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 and 11 months old Laboratory
Citation:

Recovery of brain and plasma cholinesterase activities in ducklings exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, James W.
Pages
215-229
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FENTHION 61% maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (4 hrs post-dose) Not Reported Juvenile 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day old Laboratory
DICROTOPHOS, FENTHION 68-78% maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (after 3 days treatmentt) Not Reported Juvenile 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of exposure to carbofuran-sprayed vegetation on the behavior, cholinesterase activity and growth of mallard ducklings (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Martin, Pamela A., Keith R. Solomon, Douglas J. Forsyth, Herman J. Boermans and Neil D. Westcott
Pages
901-909
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CARBOFURAN increased @ 264 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distance) latency of approach to stimulus compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBOFURAN decreased @ 132 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distances), 264 g/ha (all exposure distances) brain cholinesterase activities compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
472-485
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIAZINON decreased @ 2.0 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 8 of incubation Laboratory
MALATHION 49.5 lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in the wild mallard duckling: Effect of leptophos

Author(s)
Herin, R.A., A.A. Komeil, Doyle G. Graham, A. Curley and M.B. Abou-Donia
Pages
233-240
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 260 ppm body weight growth compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS 5/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of ataxia Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of plumage contamination with crude oil dispersant mixtures on thermoregulation in common eiders and mallards

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro and Morten Ekker
Pages
398-403
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS increase metabolic heat production (watts/kg), compared to pre-contamination levels Not Reported Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 19% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) see citation figure of # eggs/female/wk over time Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic ingestion of south Louisiana crude oil on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C., Michael P. Dieter, Gary H. Heinz and John F. Ferrell
Pages
426-436
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2.5 - 5% incidence of liver hypertrophy and splenic atropy Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 2.5 - 5% hematocrit, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Enzyme changes in mallard ducks fed iron or lead shot

Author(s)
Rozman, Robert S., Louis N. Locke and S. Finley McClure III
Pages
435-445
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) increased @ 8 #four iron shot incidence of inclusion bodies in kidney vs controls Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) no effect serum enzyme levels versus controls (at 30 or 60 d post dose) Male Adult 2/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphorothioic acid-o-ethyl-o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Louis Sileo
Pages
284-294
Year
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EPN decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g plasma cholinesterase activity, hemoglobin and uric acid content Not Reported Hatchling 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
261-269
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 0.58 (+/- 0.19); lead-iron: 0.25 (+/- 0.02) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in liver (mean +/- SE) Male Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased with increasing lead in bone number of eggs laid Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

Sublethal effects of chronic lead ingestion in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
929-937
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD NITRATE no effect body weight and food consumption versus controls Male Adult 20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Lead poisoning in waterfowl from the Ebro Delta, Spain: Calculation of lead exposure thresholds for mallards

Author(s)
Guitart, R., J. To-Figueras, R. Mateo, A. Bertolero, S. Cerradelo and A. Martinez-Vilalta
Pages
289-293
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.822 (0.059-21.60) ppm wet wt geometric mean liver concentration (range) Not Reported Not Reported 39 birds Ebro Delta Natural Park Toxicity Factor Datasets ITALY
LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.367 (<0.05-29.80) geometric mean concentration in kidneys (range) Not Reported Not Reported 39 birds Ebro Delta Natural Park Toxicity Factor Datasets ITALY
Citation:

Interactive effects of arsenate, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
55-62
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As growth rate of body weight versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 60 ppm Se glutathione peroxidase activity versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Acid precipitation and food quality: effects of dietary Al, Ca, and P on bone and liver characteristics in American black ducks and mallards

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W.
Pages
281-288
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ALUMINUM SULFATE decreased on LL and LH diets femur mass and mean breaking force (LL, LH vs. NN diets) after 2 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ALUMINUM SULFATE decreased with LL and LH diets femur breaking strength (LL,LH vs. NN diets) after 10 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W. and Ellen A. Pafford
Pages
737-745
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
NICKEL SULFATE no effect organ wt:body wt ratios Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE 1.0-22.7 (liver), 2.7-74.4 (kidney) ppm, wet wt Ni concentrations (ranges) in liver and kidney in ducklings that died @ 1200 ppm Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of low dietary levels of methyl mercury on mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
386-392
Year
Issue
4
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE decreased @ 3 ppm mean egg weight compared to controls Female Adult 10 females, 3 males/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE 1 (@ 0.5 ppm), 6.46-9.19 (@ 3 ppm) ppm in eggs mercury concentrations in eggs (at plateau) Female Adult 10 females, 3 males/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-DL-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., David J. Hoffman and Leonard J. LeCaptain
Pages
93-99
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast body weight compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-L-met survival rate compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day Laboratory
Citation:

Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz and Alexander J. Krynitsky
Pages
263-271
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 40 ppm (12.5%) mortality compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W., Lou Sileo, J. Christian Franson and John Moore
Pages
286-297
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect body weight, liver weight, and femur density compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 12 birds per timexdose treatment day old Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of boron, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
288-294
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 10.8 (@ 15 ppm Se), 56.0 (@ 60 ppm) ppm Se, wet wt
11.0 (@ 1000 ppm B) ppm B, wet wt 		geometric mean Se and B concentrations in liver Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 22.5 (@ 15 ppm Se w/out B), 41.9 (@ 15 ppm Se w/B) ppm Se, wet wt
13.0 (@ 1000 ppm B) ppm B, wet wt 		geometric mean Se and B concentrations in liver Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on selected cells of the mallard immune system

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E. and Michael D. Samuel
Pages
1-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.21 (0.78), blood; 2.32 (1.10), liver; 131.13 (90.94), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Female Adult 24 birds Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Sacramento
Citation:

Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on bird's eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., William C. Eastin, Jr. and Martha L. Gay
Pages
230-241
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 5, 15 ul/egg red blood cell and liver ALAD activity, hemoglobin concentration, plasma uric acid, and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-16 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of DDE on the Ca metabolism of the duck eggshell gland and its subcellular fractions; Relations to the functional stage

Author(s)
Lundholm, C.E.
Pages
5-12
Year
Volume
78
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 28% decrease @ 40 mg/kg eggshell index (shell weight/shell length x breadth), compared to control Female Adult 9-20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect plasma calcium concentration Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of petroleum on adrenocortical activity and on hepatic naphthalene-metabolizing activity in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Gorsline, J. and W.N. Holmes
Pages
765-777
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.5, 1, 3% hepatic microsomal naphthalene metabolism (nmol/min/mg protein) Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Oil and related toxicant effects on mallard immune defenses

Author(s)
Rocke, T.E., T.M. Yuill and R.D. Hinsdill
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight, gross lesions or signs of clinical illness, compared to controls Male Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
FUEL OILS no effect body weight and gross lesion incidence, compared to controls Male Adult 4-5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of crude oil on mallard embryos on day one of development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J.
Pages
632-637
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1, 5 ul % abnormal survivors, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1d of development Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of white phosphorus to waterfowl: Acute exposure to mallards

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W., Mary Gustafson, Patrice Klein and Natalie Karouna-Renier
Pages
187-197
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 6.96 mg/kg bw (2.66-8.96 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Female Adult 6 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 6.46 mg/kg bw (5.19-7.69 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Male Adult 4-5 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of Aroclor 1254 on the thyroid gland, immune function and hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in mallards

Author(s)
Fowles, Jefferson R., Anne Fairbrother, Kimberly A. Trust and Nancy I. Kerkvliet
Pages
119-129
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased @ 100, 250, 500 mg/kg bw thyroid wt/body wt and liver wt/body wt ratios versus controls Male Adult 6-12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 increased @ 20,100, 250, 500 mg/kg bw hepatic microsomal EROD and PROD activities versus controls Male Adult 6-12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic and reproductive toxicity of emamectin benzoate to mallard ducks and northern bobwhite quail

Author(s)
O'Grodnick, Joseph S., Peter G. Wislocki, Kevin P. Keenan, Joann B. Beavers, Larry T. Frey, and Mark Jaber
Pages
2318-2324
Year
Issue
11
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE no effect microscopic changes to brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 22 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 900 ppm B body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 900 ppm B liver weight versus 450 ppm B group Male Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman, L. Sileo, D.J. Audet, and L.J. LeCaptain
Pages
323-333
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect body weight versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 5 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 869 and 954 ug/g protoporphyrin versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 828 ug/g hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 5 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 869 and 954 ug/g delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of mercury and selenium on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., and Gary H. Heinz
Pages
161-166
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Se hepatic GSSG reductase activity versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Hg oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of ingested bismuth alloy shot in game-farm mallards: Chronic health effects and effects on reproduction

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Karen L. Duncan, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey D. Brawn and James W. Seets
Pages
217-252
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) increased with Fe weight of eggs that hatched versus controls Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) increased with Bi weight of eggs that did not hatch versus controls Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine on several immune functions in mallards.

Author(s)
Fairbrother, A. and J. Fowles
Pages
836-844
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased blood monocyte counts after 78 days exposure versus controls Male Adult Controls = 24
Treated = 8 		Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 3.5 mg/L (selenite) or 2.2 mg/L (selenomethionine) serum ALT enzyme activity versus controls n high selenite and selenomethionine groups. Male Adult Controls = 24
Treated = 8 		laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings.

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J., C.J. Sanderson, L.J. LeCaptain, E. Cromartie and G.W. Pendleton
Pages
163-171
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 15 (GSH-peroxidase only), 60 ppm Se, adequate protein plasma GSH-peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ALDICARB 6.73 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 30 days Laboratory
ALDICARB 4.44 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of DDT on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
699-704
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell weight versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell quality (R-value) versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Di Giulio, R.T. and P.F. Scanlon
Pages
433-444
Year
Volume
37
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect brain, liver, kidney, testes weights versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of organic and inorganic selenium to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman and L.G. Gold
Pages
561-568
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 40, 80 ppm selenite or selenomethionine duckling mortality versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDT thins shells of eggs from mallard ducks maintained on ad libitum or controlled-feeding regimes

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
222-232
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) decrease @ 20 - 200 ppm eggshell thickness, weight and calcium concentration Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lindane, paraquat, toxaphene and 2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetic acid on mallard embryo development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LINDANE 62 lbs AI/acre (slope = 8.13) for exposure of 3d embryo; 52 lbs AI/acre (slope = 9.19) for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 or 8d of development Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of ingested crude oil on thryoid hormones and on the mixed function oxidase system in ducks

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Morten Ekker and Kolbjorn Zahlsen
Pages
213-216
Year
Volume
95
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS 53% increase plasma triiodothryonine concentration Not Reported Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Tissue-specific bioenergetic effects and increased enzymatic activities following acute sublethal peroral exposure to cyanide in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Ma, Juntao and Chris A. Pritsos
Pages
297-302
Year
Volume
142
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CYANIDE decreased @ all doses ATP levels in liver and brain tissues versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of dietary calcium on lead poisoning in mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Carlson, Brent L. and Svend W. Nielsen
Pages
276-282
Year
Issue
1
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased in all groups dosed with lead shot incidence of clinical signs, weight loss, breast muscle atrophy Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group
control = 5 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of selenium in the diet of mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Gary H. Heinz
Pages
477-490
Year
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 25 ppm (selenite), 10 ppm (selenomethionine) hatchability compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5-11 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic hepatotoxicity of selenomethionine ingestion in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Christine M. Bunck and David E. Greene
Pages
449-464
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 32 ppm incidence of liver histopathological lesions, liver:body wt ratios versus controls Male Adult 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Methylmercury: Reproductive and behavioral effects on three generations of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
394-401
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE ppm, wet wt: 0.79-0.86 (egg); 0.89-1.62 (liver); 1.52-1.82 (kidney); 9.03-11.17 (primary feathers); 0.67-0.83 (breast muscle); 0.44-0.59 (brain); 0.51-0.65 (ovary) mean concentration of Hg in tissues (ranges are for 3 generations) Female Adult 3-14 birds/tissue x generation group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The heat production of oiled mallards and scaup

Author(s)
McEwan, E. H. and A.F. Koelink
Pages
27-31
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS increased with light, moderate and heavy oiling thermal conductance of feathers and body heat loss versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Michael B. Camardese, Leonard J. Lecaptain
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID decrease @ 1600 ppm growth rate measured as changes in body weight, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Mallard egg quality: Enhancement by low levels of petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
17-23
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS no effect onset of laying, egg production, egg fertility, compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to mallard duck and northern bobwhite quail

Author(s)
Chukwudebe, Amechi C., Joann B. Beavers, Mark Jaber, and Peter G. Wislocki
Pages
1118-1123
Year
Issue
6
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 76 mg/kg bw, 56-102 (95% CI) acute oral LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 19 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with selenized yeast body weight of 6 day old ducklings versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of mallard ducklings from adults exposed to selenium

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H. and L.G. Gold
Pages
863-865
Year
Volume
6
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect distance run in 2 seconds from a fright stimulus vs controls Not Reported Chick 32, 14, 14, 14, 11 in the 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 ppm groups Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 days Laboratory

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Effects of carbaryl grasshopper control on nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M, Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
881-890
Year
Issue
5
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBARYL no effect brain acetylcholinesterase activity Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph R. Jehl, Jr., Robert W. Risebrough, Leon A. Woods, Jr., Lawrence R. Deweese, and William G. Edgecomb
Pages
806-808
Year
Volume
190
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) non-detectable DDT plus TDE, 96.6 ppm DDE, lipid wet basis concentration in egg contents Female Adult 39 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) eggs

Author(s)
Lonzarich, David G., Thomas E. Harvey and Jean E. Takekawa
Pages
147-153
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CHLORDANE, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SELENIUM (elemental) no effect eggshell thickness compared to those of museum eggs from 1907 and 1936 Female Adult 29 eggs North and South San Francisco Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic Ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
131-145
Year
Volume
132
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg mortality Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 400, 800 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased @ 5 ug/kg weight of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4% mean hatching success in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 331 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
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